What is Super C-band

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G.709 ODU Maintenance Signals

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  ODU maintenance signals  Three ODU maintenance signals are defined as per G.709: ODU-AIS, ODU-OCI and ODU-LCK ODU alarm indication signal (ODU-AIS)   ODUK-AIS-PM is a secondary condition that indicates a more serious condition such as the LOS (OCN/STMN) alarm occurring downstream. The ODUK-AIS-PM condition is reported in the path monitoring area of the optical data unit wrapper overhead. ODUK-AIS-PM is caused by the upstream ODUK-OCI-PM .   ODUk-AIS is specified as all "1"s in the entire ODU signal, excluding the frame alignment overhead (FA OH), OTU overhead (OTU OH)  The ODUk contains one instance of ODU AIS. The ODUCn contains n instances of ODU AIS, numbered 1 to n (ODU AIS #1 to #n). In addition, the ODU-AIS s...
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OPEN ROADM MSA

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The goals of the Open ROADM Multi-Source Agreement are  (1) the disaggregation and opening up of traditionally proprietary ROADM systems   (2) the SDN-enablement of traditionally fixed ROADMs   There are many ways to disaggregate ROADM systems, e.g. hardware disaggregation (e.g. defining a common shelf) or functional disaggregation (less about hardware, more about function). Due to the complexity of common shelves, the Open ROADM MSA chose the functional disaggregation first. We defined three optical functions: pluggable optics, transponder and ROADM (the optical switch part with amplifiers, couplers, WSS, etc.). Common shelves can be introduced at a later point for some functions, like transponders, if they make sense as an extension of the models.   All of the three disaggregated functions (pluggable optics, transponder and ROADM) are controllable through an open standards-based API (written in the data modeling language YANG) that can be accessed through a...
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Chromatic Dispersion in Optical Fibers

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Beginning: Telecommunications service providers have to face continuously growing bandwidth demands in all networks areas, from long-haul to access. Because installing new communication links would require huge investments, telecommunications carriers prefer to increase the capacity of their existing fiber links by using dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems and/or higher bit rates systems. However, most of the installed optical fibers are old and exhibit physical characteristics that may limit their ability to transmit high-speed signals. Dispersion is a consequence of the physical properties of the transmission medium.   What is Chromatic Dispersion ?   I n an optical fiber, different colors of light travels at different speed. The blue light may run faster, and the red light may run slower. Even though they start at the same time in the beginning, they arrive at the destination at different times. This time delay is called chromatic dispersion. Here, "...
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